Excerpt
VOWELS
Ä, as in fate, or in bare.
ä, as in alms, Fr. âme, Ger. Bahn = á of Indian names.
aË™, the same sound short or medium, as in Fr. bal, Ger. Mann.
a, as in fat.
a¨, as in fall.
a, obscure, as in rural, similar to u in but, Ä— in her: common in Indian names.
Ä“, as in me = i in machine.
e, as in met.
Ä—, as in her.
Ä«, as in pine, or as ei in Ger. mein.
i, as in pin, also used for the short sound corresponding to Ä“, as in French and Italian words.
eu, a long sound as in Fr. jeûne = Ger. long ö, as in Söhne, Göthe (Goethe).
eu, corresponding sound short or medium, as in Fr. peu = Ger. ö short.
Å, as in note, moan.
o, as in not, soft—that is, short or medium.
ö, as in move, two.
Å« as in tube.
u, as in tub: similar to Ä— and also to a.
u¨, as in bull.
ü, as in Sc. abune = Fr. û as in dû, Ger. ü long as in grün, Bühne.
uË™, the corresponding short or medium sound, as in Fr. but, Ger. Müller.
oi, as in oil.
ou, as in pound; or as au in Ger. Haus.
CONSONANTSOf the consonants, b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, ng, p, sh, t, v, z, always have their common English sounds, when used to transliterate foreign words. The letter c is not used by itself in re-writing for pronunciation, s or k being used instead. The only consonantal symbols, therefore, that require explanation are the following:—
ch is always as in rich.
d, nearly as th in this = Sp. d in Madrid, &c.
g is always hard, as in go.
h represents the guttural in Scotch loch, Ger. nach, also other similar gutturals.
nË™, Fr. nasal n as in bon.
r represents both English r, and r in foreign words, which is generally much more strongly trilled.
s, always as in so.
th, as th in thin.
th, as th in this.
w always consonantal, as in we.
x = ks, which are used instead.
y always consonantal, as in yea (Fr. ligne would be re-written lēny).
zh, as s in pleasure = Fr. j.
Atreb´ates, ancient inhabitants of that part of Gallia Belgica, afterwards called Artois. A colony of them settled in Britain, in a part of Berkshire and Oxfordshire.
At´rek, a river of Asia, forming the boundary between Persia and the Russian Transcaspian territory, and flowing into the Caspian; length 250 miles.
Atreus (at´rÅ«s), in Greek mythology, a son of Pelops and HippodamÄ«a, and grandson of Tantălus. Atreus was the father of Agamemnon, according to Homer; other writers call him Agamemnon's grandfather. He succeeded Eurystheus, his father-in-law, as King of MycÄ“næ, and in revenge for the seduction of his wife by his brother Thyestes gave a banquet at which the latter partook of the flesh of his own sons. Atreus was killed by Ægisthus, a son of Thyestes. The tragic events connected with this family furnished materials to some of the great Greek dramatists.
Atri (ancient, Hadria), an episcopal city in the province of Teramo, Italy, 8 miles from the Adriatic. It has an old (thirteenth century) Gothic cathedral, ruins of ancient Roman walls and buildings, and a palace of the Agraviva family, who were Dukes of Atri from 1398 to 1775....